Which of the following could potentially transmit a bloodborne pathogen to an employee?

The transmission of bloodborne pathogens can occur through exposure to infected blood or bodily fluids. Having blood splashed into the eyes poses a significant risk because the mucous membranes of the eyes provide a direct route into the body for pathogens. This type of exposure can lead to immediate infection if the blood contains harmful pathogens such as HIV, Hepatitis B, or Hepatitis C.

Handling contaminated materials, while also a potential transmission route, typically involves direct contact with items that might carry pathogens, which may not always lead to exposure depending on the circumstances and safety precautions taken. Personal protective equipment is designed specifically to prevent exposure and transmission risks, actively reducing the likelihood of encountering bloodborne pathogens. Receiving vaccinations does not transmit pathogens; rather, it enhances immune protection against diseases, which is unrelated to direct exposure scenarios.

Thus, the scenario of blood splashing into the eyes directly constitutes a critical risk factor in the transmission of bloodborne pathogens to an employee.